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Readings; From the Publisher; Preface; Part One: Writing and Reading; Chapter 1: Basic Skills Development; An Integrated Approach; - Writing and Thinking; Exercise 1.1; - Writing and Reading; Reading Strategies; - Exercise 1.2; Critical Thinking; - What Is Critical Thinking?; - Applying Critical Thinking; - Exercise 1.3; - Reading and Critical Thinking; - Exercise 1.4; - Exercise 1.5; - Responding Critically and Analytically through Questions; - Exercise 1.6; - Exercise 1.7; Sample Professional Essay: Bear Cub: Rogue Wildlife is Par for the Course on Canada’s Northernmost Green by Eva Holland; - Exercise 1.8; Word Meanings; - Exercise 1.9; - Improving Vocabulary; - Exercise 1.10; - Exercise 1.11; Sample Professional Essay: 4 Types of Procrastination and How to Beat Them by Brian Dordevic; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 2: The Writing Situation; Writing Purpose; - Exercise 2.1; A Is For Audience; - Audience-Based Writing; - Exercise 2.2; - Exercise 2.3; - Audience Factors; - Exercise 2.4; Sample Professional Essay: Listen to Your Gut: Rewards and Challenges of Intuitive Eating by Lisa Petty; - Writing for the Workplace; - Exercise 2.5; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 3: Paragraph Essentials; Introducing the Paragraph; - Topic Sentence; - Exercise 3.1; - Concluding Sentence; - Paragraph Wrap as Conclusion; - Connecting Paragraphs by Using Transitions; - Paragraph Unity; - Exercise 3.2; - Paragraph Coherence; - Exercise 3.3; - Exercise 3.4; - Exercise 3.5; - Paragraph Purpose; - Narration: How Can it Be Told?; - Personal: Why Should It Affect Me?/How Does It Affect Me?; Sample Professional Essay: Everything You Need to Know about Imposter Syndrome by Sydney Loney; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 4 Paragraph and Essay Development; Developing Your Essay; - Exercise 4.1; Development Patterns; - Chronology: When Did It Occur?; - Process: How Does It Work?; - Classification/Division: What Kinds Are There?; - Cause-Effect: What Is the Cause? What Is the Result?; - Question-Answer: What Is the Answer?; - Problem-Solution: How Can It Be (Re)Solved?; - Cost-Benefit: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages?; - Comparison and Contrast: How Is It Like and/or Unlike Something Else?; - Exercise 4.2; Stages in Essay Writing; - Pre-Writing; - Exercise 4.3; - Exercise 4.4; - Research; - Organization; - Exercise 4.5; - Composing: Writing Drafts; - Revising the Final Draft; The Critical Response; Sample Professional Essay: Why Do We Still Put Young People in Solitary Confinement? By Cathy Gulli; Sample Student Essay: Response to Why Do We Still Put Young People in Solitary Confinement by Julianny Vahlis; Sample Professional Essay: If Corporations Have Legal Rights, Why Not Rivers? By David Suzuki and Rachel Plotkin; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 5: Summarizing Other Writers’ Work; What Is a Summary?; - How to Write a Summary; - Exercise 5.1; - Exercise 5.2; - The Extended Summary; Sample Professional Essay: The $15 Minimum Wage Movement Rises Up by Janet Nicol; Other Ways to Summarize; - Paraphrase; - Exercise 5.3; - Abstract; - Exercise 5.4; - Annotated Bibliography; - Exercise 5.5; Summarizing at the Workplace; - Exercise 5.6; Sample Professional Essay: Almost a Million Canadian Kids in Poverty Is an Acute Emergency by Elizabeth Lee Ford-Jones; Chapter Review Questions; Part Two: Essays; Chapter 6: The Expository Essay; How to Write Various Expository Essays; - The Process Essay; Sample Student Essay: How to Improve Memory by Leman Koca; - The Comparison and Contrast Essay; Sample Student Essay: Tail of Opposites: Meow, Meow, or Woof, Woof? By Barclay Katt; - The In-Class (or Examination) Essay; - Exercise 6.1; - Exercise 6.2; Sample Professional Essay: One Giant Paw Print Stirs an Age-Old Debate: How Big Can a Wolf Be? By Michael Fraiman; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 7: Introductions, Thesis Statements, and Conclusions; The Expository Essay Template; - Exercise 7.1; The Essay’s Introduction; - How to Create Reader Interest in the Introduction; - Exercise 7.2; - Other Functions of the Introduction; - Features of the Introduction; - Exercise 7.3; - Exercise 7.4; - Exercise 7.5; - Exercise 7.6; - Exercise 7.7; -The Essay’s Conclusion; - Functions of the Conclusion; - Two Kinds of Conclusion; - Exercise 7.8; - Exercise 7.9; - Exercise 7.10; Sample Professional Essay: Alouette Anniversary by Hillary Windsor; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 8: Claims, Evidence, and the Analytical Model; Kinds of Claims: Fact, Value, and Policy; - Claim of Fact; - Claim of Value; - Claim of Policy; - Exercise 8.1; Evidence; - Organization of Evidence; - Kinds of Evidence; Credibility; - Exercise 8.2; Sample Box: Harnessing the Power of Nature to Fight Climate Change by Brian Banks; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 9: The Argumentative Essay; Expository versus Argumentative Writing; Emotional versus Logical Arguments; - Exercise 9.1; - Exercise 9.2; Tempest in a Teapot; - Argument, Opinion, and Facts; - Exercise 9.3; - Exercise 9.4; - Faulty Reasoning; - Exercise 9.5; - Exercise 9.6; Strategies for Creating Your Argument; - Arguable Claims; - Specific, Interesting, and Manageable Claims; Rebutting the Opposing View; - Topic-Based Rebuttal; - Audience-Based Rebuttal; - Purpose-Based Rebuttal; Sample Professional Essay: Not Immune: What a Teenager Who Got Vaccinated Against His Parent’s Will Can Teach Us About Anti-Vaxxers by Suraj Patel; Organizing an Outline for Argument; - Exercise 9.7; Sample Student essay: Discrimination against Aboriginals in Canada: Bill C-45 by Jane Freiburger; Oral Presentations; - Creating a Presentation; - Delivering a Presentation; - Important Points to Consider when Making an Oral Presentation; Chapter Review Questions; Part 3: Research; Chapter 10: Conducting Research; Developing Research Skills; - Research: Finding and Exploring; - Synthesis I: Integrating; - Organization: Arranging; - Synthesis II: Composing; -Researching Your Topic; - Who Are These Experts - and Where Can You Find Them?; - Exploring Your Topic; - Note-Taking; - Organizing Research Notes; - Cross-Referencing; - Some Useful Research Strategies; - Using Contradictory Evidence; Sources of Research Material; - Primary and Secondary Sources; - Start with Secondary Sources; - Internet Searches; - Notes on Library Research; - Alternative Sources; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 11: Using Your Research; Outlines for Research Essays; - Organization: Arranging; Sample Student Essay: Outline for The Cost of Buying Happiness: Why Less is More; Exercise 11.1; Plagiarism; Integrating Secondary Sources; - Summary, Paraphrase, Direct Quotation, Mixed Quotation Format; - Exercise 11.2; - Signal Phrases, Ellipses, and Brackets; Documentation: In-Text Citations; Sample Student Essay: The Cost of Buying Happiness: Why Less is More by Sandy Crashley; Sample Student Essay: Computer Ergonomics by Mike Butler; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 12: APA and MLA Documentation Styles; Choosing Your Citation Style; APA; - APA In-Text Citations; - APA In-Text Citations by Format; - APA References; Sample Student Essay: Polar Bears: Bright Outlook or Grim Future by Adam Cook; - References; MLA; - MLA In-Text Citations; - MLA In-Text Citations by Format; - MLA Works Cited; - MLA Notes; - Exercise 12.1; Sample Student Essay: The Historical Influences on Quebec’s Traditional Desserts by Melissa Donnelly; Chapter Review Questions; Part 4: Grammar; Chapter 13: Sentence Essentials; Grammatical Groundwork; Parts of Speech; - Nouns; - Exercise 13.1; - Exercise 13.2; - Pronouns; - Exercise 13.3; - Verbs; - Exercise 13.4; - Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs; - Joiners: Prepositions and Conjunctions; - Exercise 13.5; - Exercise 13.6; Sentences; - Exercise 13.7; - Exercise 13.8; - Exercise 13.9; Sentence Patterns; - Exercise 13.10; - Exercise 13.11; - Exercise 13.12; - Exercise 13.13; Sentence Errors; - Sentence Fragments; - Exercise 13.14; - Exercise 13.15; - Exercise 13.16; - Exercise 13.17; - Exercise 13.18; - Run-On Sentence; - Comma Splice; - Exercise 13.19; Exercise 13.20; - Exercise 13.21; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 14: Punctuation; Do Commas Matter?; - Rule Category 1: Items in a Series; - Rule Category 2: Independent Clauses; - Rule Category 3: Parenthetical Information; - Rule Category 4: Conventional and Comma Sense Uses; - Exercise 14.1; - Exercise 14.2; - When Commas Are Not Required; - Exercise 14.3; Other Forms of Punctuation; - Semicolons; - Exercise 14.4; - Colons; - Dashes and Parentheses; - Exercise 14.5; - Exercise 14.6; Apostrophes; - Apostrophes for Possession in Nouns; - Contractions; - Exercise 14.7; - Exercise 14.8; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 15: Agreement, Pronoun, and Sentence Structure Errors; Agreement; - Subject-Verb Agreement; - Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement; Pronouns at Work; - Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement; - Exercise 15.1; - Exercise 15.2; - Exercise 15.3; Other Problems with Pronouns; - Pronoun Reference; - Exercise 15.4; - Exercise 15.5; - Exercise 15.6; - Exercise 15.7; - Pronoun Case; - Exercise 15.8; - Pronoun Consistency; - Exercise 15.9; -Sentence Construction Errors; - Misplaced Modifiers; - Dangling Modifiers; - Exercise 15.10; - Exercise 15.11; - The Parallelism Principle; - Exercise 15.12; - Exercise 15.13; - Passive Constructions: The Lazy Subject; - Exercise 15.14; - Exercise 15.15; - Exercise 15.16; - Exercise 15.17; - Exercise 15.18; Chapter Review Questions; Chapter 16: Achieving Clarity and Depth in Your Writing; Effective Style: Clarity; Exercise 16.1; Exercise 16.2; - Cutting for Conciseness; - Doubling Up: The Noah’s Ark Syndrome; - Exercise 16.3; - Phony Phrases; - The Small but Not-So-Beautiful; - Unintensives; - Writing Directly; - Numbing Nouns; - Exercise 16.4; - Exercise 16.5; - Exercise 16.6; - Working toward Precision: Wise Word Choices; - Exercise 16.7; - Exercise 16.8; - Exercise 16.9; - Exercise 16.10; - Exercise 16.11; Common Words That Confuse; - Exercise 16.12; Providing Depth: Variety and Emphasis; - Sentence Variety; - Exercise 16.13; - Exercise 16.14; - Creating Emphasis; Proofreading: Perfections Is Possible; - Proofreading Methods; - Guidelines for Proofreading; - Common Errors; Essay Presentation; Chapter Review Questions; Appendix A: Verb Tenses; - Present Tenses; - Past Tenses; - Future Tenses; - Exercise A.1; Appendix B: A Checklist for EAL Writers; Adjectives; - Adjectives as Participles; - Adjectives and Present versus Past Participles; - Comparatives and Superlatives; - Few versus a Few; - Much versus Many; - Plurals as Adjectival Phrases Concerning Distance, Money, and Time; - Relative (Adjectival) Clauses; - Agreement with Relative Clauses; Adverbs; - Adverbs with Adjectives; - Comparative and Superlative of Adverbs; Articles - A, An, and The; - The Indefinite Article; - The Definite Article; Nouns; - Every Noun; - Gerunds; - Kind(s) of/Type(s) of Noun; - Uncountable and Countable Nouns; - Prepositions; Verbs; - Verbs as Modal Auxiliaries; - Verbs and Nouns; - Verbs and Prepositions; - Verbs and Their Subjects (Subject-Verb Agreement); Appendix C: Peer Edit Forms; - Formal Outline; - Argumentative Essay: First Draft; - Research Essay: First Draft; Appendix D: Partial Exercise Answer Key: Chapters 13-15; Glossary; Index

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