图书简介
To comprehend the world around us, we first have to decipher how our brains work. This book outlines a new approach to knowledge and understanding based on the elucidation of several basic neuronal mechanisms.This book explores the crucial fact that unconscious processes and conscious experiences form a continuum, which introduces the concept of ’rerepresentations’. Examples of rerepresentations can be seen in language, mathematics, technology and the arts. This fundamental notion captures the essence of being human, namely what separates us from our evolutionary predecessors.For this reason, an effort has been made to present all notions from first principles, without assuming any background specialized knowledge. Although this volume will be more easily accessible to individuals with a background in sciences and medicine, Ways of Comprehending presents, in an accessible manner, important information which should be common knowledge, but is lacking among the vast majority of scientists, technocrats, and humanities scholars.The interdisciplinary, integrative approach presented in this book implies that different disciplines and notions which appear disconnected, are actually closely related. This approach elucidates how we think about topics such as mathematics, physics, painting, music, and philosophy. More importantly, it helps us understand the origin of our thoughts, feelings and actions. This finally brings deep insight and fulfilment or, more precisely, eudemonia.Key FeaturesWays of Comprehending suggests a way for resolving the paradox between the current abundance of information and the tendency for specialization, along with the restrictions on a global understanding associated with it. It demonstrates that a unified, integrative approach to knowledge and culture is indeed possible, introducing an all-encompassing approach to sciences and humanitiesIt allows the readers to become familiar with many facts, that because of their significance, should be widely known. For example, it is shown that in visual perception, our brain perceives a face or an object approximately a third of second before we become aware of this perceptIt provides readers a new methodology that can facilitate their analysis of a variety of phenomena, and presents elements of mathematics, physics, engineering, neuroscience, biology, and medicine, in a clear, understandable way. This achieves a double goal: first, these elements provide concrete illustrations of the basic methodological approaches to knowledge advocated in this volume. At the same time, they offer a global vista of these extremely important disciplinesThe scope of the book, which presents a creative synthesis of key elements of more than 200 books, is truly unprecedented. In this connection, it must be emphasized that breadth has been achieved without sacrificing depth
Prologue: Preliminaries; Basic Notions: Elements of Neurophysiology; Elements of Neuroanatomy; Perception as the Solution of an Inverse Problem; From Homeostasis and Consciousness to Rerepresentations: A Uniquely Human Characteristic; The Transformative Role of Rerepresentations and Cultural versus Biological Evolution: The Origin of Rerepresentations and Language; The Rerepresentations of Art, Mathematics, Computations, and Technology; Heterodynamics and Cultural Evolution; The Interplay Between Conscious and Unconscious Processes: Innate Knowledge and Learning; Memory and Learning; The Neuronal Substrates of Unconscious Processes and Conscious Experiences; Details of Visual Perception; Light, Vision, and Art; Functional Imaging, Brain Stimulation, and Medicine: The Functional Imaging Techniques of PET and SPECT, and the Diagnosis of Dementia; The Functional Imaging Technique of fMRI and an Astonishing Medical Application; Different Types of Brain Stimulation, Parkinson’s Disease, Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder; The Quest for the Hidden Reality: Abstraction and Generalization are the Essential Features of Mathematics Generated via Associations; How Can the Problem of Consciousness be Solved?; Epilogue; Acknowlegements
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