图书简介
The book offers advanced students and professionals a comprehensive coverage of the major concepts that underlie the origins and transport of ionizing radiation in matter. Understanding atomic structure and the physical mechanisms of radiation interactions is the foundation on which much of the current practice of radiological health protection is based. The work covers the detection and measurement of radiation and the statistical interpretation of the data. The procedures that are used to protect man and the environment from the potential harmful effects of radiation are thoroughly described. Basic principles are illustrated with an abundance of worked examples that exemplify practical applications. Chapters include problem sets (with partial answers) and extensive tables and graphs for continued use as a reference work. This revised fourth edition includes thorough updates of the material, including the latest recommendations of the ICRP and NCRP.
ABOUT ATOMIC PHYSICS AND RADIATIONClassical PhysicsDiscovery of X-RaysSome Important Dates in Atomic and Radiation PhysicsImportant Dates in Radiation ProtectionSources and Levels of Radiation ExposureSuggested ReadingATOMIC STRUCTURE AND ATOMIC RADIATIONThe Atomic Nature of Matter (ca. 1900)The Rutherford Nuclear AtomBohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen AtomSemiclassical Mechanics, 1913-1925Quantum MechanicsThe Pauli Exclusion PrincipleAtomic Theory of the Periodic SystemMoleculesSolids and Energy BandsContinuous and Characteristic X RaysAuger ElectronsSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswersTHE NUCLEUS AND NUCLEAR RADIATIONNuclear StructureNuclear Binding EnergiesAlpha DecayBeta Decay (beta-)Gamma-Ray EmissionInternal ConversionOrbital Electron CapturePositron Decay (beta )Suggested ReadingProblemsAnswersRADIOACTIVE DECAYActivityExponential DecaySpecific ActivitySerial Radioactive DecayNatural RadioactivityRadon and Radon DaughtersSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswersINTERACTION OF HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES WITH MATTEREnergy-Loss MechanismsMaximum Energy Transfer in a Single CollisionSingle-Collision Energy-Loss SpectraStopping PowerSemiclassical Calculation of Stopping PowerThe Bethe Formula for Stopping PowerMean Excitation EnergiesTable for Computation of Stopping PowersStopping Power of Water for ProtonsRangeSlowing-Down TimeLimitations of Bethe’s Stopping-Power FormulaSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswersINTERACTION OF ELECTRONS WITH MATTEREnergy-Loss MechanismsCollisional Stopping PowerRadiative Stopping PowerRadiation YieldRangeSlowing-Down TimeExamples of Electron Tracks in WaterSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswersPHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH CHARGED-PARTICLE TRACKSDelta RaysRestricted Stopping PowerLinear Energy Transfer (LET)Specific IonizationEnergy StragglingRange StragglingMultiple Coulomb ScatteringSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswersINTERACTION OF PHOTONS WITH MATTERInteraction MechanismsPhotoelectric EffectEnergy-Momentum Requirements for Photon Absorption by an ElectronCompton EffectPair ProductionPhotonuclear ReactionsAttenuation CoefficientsEnergy-Transfer and Energy-Absorption CoefficientsCalculation of Energy Absorption and Energy TransferSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswersNEUTRONS, FISSION, AND CRITICALITYIntroductionNeutron SourcesClassification of NeutronsInteractions with MatterElastic ScatteringNeutron-Proton Scattering Energy-Loss SpectrumReactionsEnergetics of Threshold ReactionsNeutron ActivationFissionCriticalitySuggested ReadingProblemsAnswersMETHODS OF RADIATION DETECTIONIonization in GasesIonization in SemiconductorsScintillationPhotographic FilmThermoluminescenceOther MethodsNeutron DetectionSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswersSTATISTICSThe Statistical World of Atoms and RadiationRadioactive Disintegration-Exponential DecayRadioactive Disintegration-a Bernoulli ProcessThe Binomial DistributionThe Poisson DistributionThe Normal DistributionError and Error PropagationCounting Radioactive SamplesMinimum Significant Measured Activity-Type-I ErrorsMinimum Dete
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