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Preface: ; 1. An Introduction to Skeletal Anatomy and the Development, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Bone; The Terminology of Anatomical Position; Units of the Skeleton and Their Articular Relations; Gross Anatomy of Bone; Osteogenesis: The Formation of Bone; Regulation of and Abnormalities in Bone Growth; Other Pathological Aspects of Bone Growth and Physiology; Bone Biochemistry and Diet; 2. The Skull; External Morphology; Cranium: ; Facial Skeleton: ; Internal Morphology; Skullcap: ; Base of the Skull: ; Nasal Cavity: ; 3. Individual Bones of the Skull; Mandible; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Maxilla; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; The Palatine Bone; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Nasal Bone; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Lacrimal Bone; Frontal Bone; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Parietal Bone; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Zygoma; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Vomer; Inferior Nasal Concha; Ethmoid; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Temporal Bone; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Occipital Bone; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Sphenoid; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Hyoid; Inner Ear Bones; 4. The Postcranial Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column, Sacrum, Sternum, and Ribs; Vertebral Column: Overview; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; True Vertebrae; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; First and Second Cervical Vertebrae; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Sacrum; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Coccyx; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Sternum; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Ribs; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; 5. The Upper Limb; Scapula; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Clavicle; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Humerus; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Radius; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Ulna; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; The Hand; Carpus; Ossification of the Carpals: ; Scaphoid; Lunate; Triquetral; Pisiform; Trapezium; Trapezoid; Capitate; Hamate; Metacarpals; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Phalanges; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Determination of Stature from Upper Limb Bones; 6. The Lower Limb; Pelvic Girdle; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Femur; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Patella; Tibia; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Fibula; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; The Foot; Tarsus; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Talus; Calcaneus; Navicular; Medial Cuneiform; Intermediate Cuneiform; Lateral Cuneiform; Cuboid; Metatarsals; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Phalanges; Morphology: ; Development and Ossification: ; Determination of Stature from Lower Limb Bones; 7. Teeth; Basic Gross Dental Anatomy; Different Dentitions: An Overview; Tooth Surfaces and Orientation; Basic Nomenclature of Crown Anatomy; Molars: An Overview; Upper Molars: ; Upper Premolars: ; Upper Canine: ; Upper Incisors: ; Lower Molars: ; Lower Premolars: ; Lower Canine: ; Lower Incisors: ; Summary of Permanent Tooth Identification; Incisors: ; Canines: ; Premolars: ; Molars: ; Deciduous Teeth; Enamel: Normal and Other Features; Supernumerary Teeth and Tooth Agenesis: ; Tooth Eruption and Root Formation; Crown Development: An Overview; Molecular Regulation of Crown Development: A Brief Overview; 8. Aging; Overview; Childhood; Tooth Formation Sequences: A Brief Overview: ; Tooth Formation and Eruption Sequences: A Discussion: ; Cranium: ; Postcranium: ; Juvenile Age; Overview: ; Epiphyseal Union: ; Adulthood; Pubic Symphysis: ; Auricular Region (Ilium): ; Rib (Sternal End): ; Other Postcranial Elements: ; Skull: ; Age-Related Changes in Teeth; The Complex Method of Determining Adult Age (After Acs’adi and Nemesk’eri, 1970); The Proximal Humerus: Phases of Age-Related Change: ; The Proximal Femur: Phases of Age-Related Change: ; The Pubic Symphysis: Phases of Age-Related Change: ; Calculation of Age: ; The Multifactorial Method of Determining Summary Age (After Lovejoy et al., 1985a); Histological Age-Related Changes in Bone; Specimen Preparation: ; Gross Histological Changes in Cortical Bone: ; Detailed Histological Changes in Cortical Bone: ; 9. Differentially Expressed Morphological Character States: Nonmetric Variation, Sex Determination, Populations, and a Discussion of Biodistance Analysis; Overview; Considering the Bases of Nondental, Nonmetric Variation; Dental Nonmetric Traits; The Assessment of Skeletal Sexual Dimorphism; Nonmetric Variation, Sexual Dimorphism, and Populations; A Discussion of Metric Approaches to Biodistance Analysis; 10. Pathology: Disease, Trauma, and Stress; Overview; Infectious Diseases of Bone; Joint Diseases; Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis; Tumors; Bone Necrosis; Fractures and Trauma; Infectious and Degenerative Diseases of the Jaws and Teeth; Appendix A: Osteometry; Cranial and Mandibular Measurements; Postcranial Measurements; Postcranial Indices; Appendix B: Comparative Osteology: Human, Deer, Bear, Pig; Glossary: ; References: ; Index:

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