This book presents a set of methods and guidelines for calibrating and analyzing mathematical groundwater models. The methods commonly used to develop and apply mathematical often fail to take full advantage of either the data available for model construction and calibration or the developed model, and this book intends to improve how data and models are used. The book also presents a set of fourteen guidelines for using the methods in model development and calibration, and in assessing data needs, predictions, and uncertainty. These guidelines focus on practical application of the methods, and are organized into four categories: (1) model development guidelines, (2) model testing guidelines, (3) potential new data guidelines, and (4) prediction uncertainty guidelines. Two criteria are emphasized throughout the book: valid statistical concepts and effective communication with users of model results, such as resource managers. The most advanced, complex mathematics and statistics have little worth if they cannot address the societal needs related to the modeling objectives. The methods and guidelines are mostly presented in the context of groundwater modeling, though some examples are drawn from surface-water modeling. The methods and guidelines are generally applicable to models of any environmental system. The book helps readers to address societal issues related to natural and engineered systems that are conducive to quantitative modeling, and to use the models and available data more effectively. The types of issues to which the methods and guidelines presented in the book are applicable include issues relevant to businesses, communities, local, state, and federal government agencies, and other private and public entities.

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